Metals | Appearance |
Potassium (K) | Dull solid |
Sodium (Na) | |
Calcium (Ca) | Generally dull solid |
Magnesium (Mg) | |
Aluminium (Al) | |
Zinc (Zn) | |
Iron (Fe) | |
Lead (Pb) | |
Copper (Cu) | Reddish brown solid |
Mercury (Hg) | Silvery white liquid |
Silver (Ag) | Silvery white solid |
Gold (Au) | Golden yellow solid |
Metal | Observation |
Potassium | l Burns vigorously﹝猛烈地﹞with a lilac flame. l Produces an orange powder. |
Sodium | l Burns vigorously with a golden yellow flame. l Produces a white powder. |
Calcium | l Burns quite vigorously with a brick-red flame. l Produces a white powder. |
Magnesium | l Burns with a dazzling white flame. l Produces a white powder. |
Aluminium | l Produces a white powder. |
Zinc | l Produces a powder which is yellow when hot but white when cold. |
Iron | l Burns with yellow showery sparks. l Produces a black solid. |
Lead | l Melts on heating to silvery balls. l Produces a powder which is orange when hot but yellow when cold. |
Copper | l Its surface turns black on strong heating. |
Mercury | l Forms a red powder on surface on strong heating. |
Silver | No visible change (No reaction) |
Gold |
Metal | React with | Observation |
Potassium | Water | l It floats on water and melts to a silvery ball. l The ball moves quickly on the water surface with a ‘hissing’ sound. l It burns with a lilac flame. l The resulting solution is alkaline. So, the red litmus paper changes from red to blue. l It dissolves in water. |
Sodium | l It floats on water and melt to a silvery ball. l Tall ball moves quickly on the water surface with a ‘hissing’ sound. l It burns with a golden yellow flame. l The resulting solution is alkaline. So, the red litmus paper changes from red to blue. l It dissolves in water | |
Calcium | l It sinks in water. l It reacts with water less vigorously. l Colourless gas bubbles are produced. l If tested with a burning splint, the gas in the test tube burns with a ‘pop’ sound. l The resulting solution is alkaline. So, the red litmus paper changes from red to blue. | |
Magnesium | Steam | l It has little reaction with cold water but it reacts with hot water more vigorously. l Colourless gas bubbles is produced. l If tested with a burning splint, the gas in the test tube burns with a ‘pop’ sound. |
Aluminium | l No reaction, because the surface of aluminium has a oxide layer, it prevents its reaction with steam. | |
Zinc | l Heated they reacts with steam in a similar way as magnesium does. However, the reaction is less vigorous for zinc, and even less for iron. | |
Iron | ||
Lead | No visible change (No reaction) | |
Copper | ||
Mercury | ||
Silver | ||
Gold |
Metal | Observation |
Potassium | Explosive reaction |
Sodium | |
Calcium | l The grey metal dissolves in dilute hydrochloric acid. l Colourless gas bubbles is produced in a moderate way. l If tested with a burning splint, the gas burns with a ‘pop’sound. l Heat is released. |
Magnesium | |
Aluminium | |
Zinc | |
Iron | |
Lead | |
Copper | No visible change |
Mercury | |
Silver | |
Gold |
Metal | Observation |
Potassium | Explosive reaction |
Sodium | |
Calcium | l The grey metal dissolves in dilute sulphuric acid. l Colourless gas bubbles is produced in a moderate way. l If tested with a burning splint, the gas burns with a ‘pop’sound. l Heat is released. |
Magnesium | |
Aluminium | |
Zinc | |
Iron | |
Lead | |
Copper | No visible change |
Mercury | |
Silver | |
Gold |
Potassium (K) | Most reactive
Decrease in reactivity
Least reactive |
Sodium (Na) | |
Calcium (Ca) | |
Magnesium (Mg) | |
Aluminium (Al) | |
Zinc (Zn) | |
Iron (Fe) | |
Lead (Pb) | |
Copper (Cu) | |
Mercury (Hg) | |
Silver (Ag) | |
Gold (Au) |
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