1/ Sub in x=0 to find the y-intercepts and y=0 to find the x-intercepts. Remember that you get two solutions when taking square roots.
2/ Um... there are many straight lines that join the origin to "the circle". Assuming that you meant the centre of the circle, you can rewrite the circle equation like this:
x^2+y^2-6x-4y-12=0
(x^2-6x) + (y^2-4y) - 12 = 0. Since (6/2)^2 = 9 and (4/2)^2 = 4, we can write:
(x^2-6x+9)-9 + (y^2-4y+4)-4 - 12 = 0
(x-3)^2 + (y-2)^2 = 9+4+12. The brackets tell you that the centre is (3, 2).
Then, let (x1, y1) = (0, 0), and (x2, y2) = (3, 2), and sub into (y-y1)/(x-x1) = (y2-y1)/(x2-x1), the rearrange to get the equation.
3/ Use the same method as before find the centre of the circle. Then, sub in this point and (5, 1) into the formula above.
4/ Use the same methods as before to find the centre of the circle. Note the increase/decrease in x and y values required to move from (-1, -1) to the centre. Repeat that move starting from the centre, and you will get the other point.